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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Central Europe, east of France
- Map references:
- Europe
- Area:
- total area:
- 41,290 sq km
- land area:
- 39,770 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey
- Land boundaries:
- total 1,852 km, Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein
- 41 km, Germany 334 km
- Coastline:
- 0 km (landlocked)
- Maritime claims:
- none; landlocked
- International disputes:
- none
- Climate:
- temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool
- to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers
- Terrain:
- mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau
- of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
- Natural resources:
- hydropower potential, timber, salt
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 10%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 40%
- forest and woodland:
- 26%
- other:
- 23%
- Irrigated land:
- 250 sq km (1989)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- air pollution from vehicle emissions and open air burning; acid rain; water
- pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of
- biodiversity
- natural hazards:
- avalanches, landslides, flash floods
- international agreements:
- party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
- Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic
- Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental
- Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation,
- Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber
- 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94,
- Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Geography
- Note:
- landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with
- southeastern France and northern Italy, contains the highest elevations in
- Europe
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 7,084,984 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 17% (female 594,565; male 622,436)
- 15-64 years:
- 68% (female 2,375,792; male 2,448,213)
- 65 years and over:
- 15% (female 623,136; male 420,842) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 0.57% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 12.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 9.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 78.36 years
- male:
- 74.99 years
- female:
- 81.88 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 1.6 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Swiss (singular and plural)
- adjective:
- Swiss
- Ethnic divisions:
- total population:
- German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%
- Swiss nationals:
- German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1%
- Religions:
- Roman Catholic 47.6%, Protestant 44.3%, other 8.1% (1980)
- Languages:
- German 65%, French 18%, Italian 12%, Romansch 1%, other 4%
- note:
- figures for Swiss nationals only -
- German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1%
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)
- total population:
- 99%
- Labor force:
- 3.48 million (900,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian)
- by occupation:
- services 50%, industry and crafts 34%, government 10%, agriculture and
- forestry 6% (1992)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Swiss Confederation
- conventional short form:
- Switzerland
- local long form:
- Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German) Confederation Suisse (French)
- Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)
- local short form:
- Schweiz (German) Suisse (French) Svizzera (Italian)
- Digraph:
- SZ
- Type:
- federal republic
- Capital:
- Bern
- Administrative divisions:
- 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular -
- cantone in Italian; kantone, singular - kanton in German); Aargau,
- Ausser-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve,
- Glarus, Graubunden, Inner-Rhoden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden,
- Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino,
- Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich
- Independence:
- 1 August 1291
- National holiday:
- Anniversary of the Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)
- Constitution:
- 29 May 1874
- Legal system:
- civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative
- acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory
- character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state and head of government:
- President Kaspar VILLIGER (1995 calendar year; presidency rotates annually);
- Vice President Jean-Pascal DELAMURAZ (term runs concurrently with that of
- president)
- cabinet:
- Federal Council (German - Bundesrat, French - Censeil Federal, Italian -
- Consiglio Federale); elected by the Federal Assembly from own members
- Legislative branch:
- bicameral Federal Assembly (German - Bundesversammlung, French - Assemblee
- Federale, Italian - Assemblea Federale)
- Council of States:
- German - Standerat, French - Conseil des Etats, Italian - Consiglio degli
- Stati; elections last held throughout 1991 (next to be held NA 1995);
- results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total) FDP 18, CVP 16,
- SVP 4, SPS 3, LPS 3, LdU 1, Ticino League 1
- National Council:
- German - Nationalrat, French - Conseil National, Italian - Consiglio
- Nazionale; elections last held 20 October 1991 (next to be held NA October
- 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (200 total) FDP 44,
- SPS 42, CVP 37, SVP 25, GPS 14, LPS 10, AP 8, LdU 6, SD 5, EVP 3, PdA 2,
- Ticino League 2, other 2
- Judicial branch:
- Federal Supreme Court
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Government
- Political parties and leaders:
- Free Democratic Party (FDP), Franz STEINEGGER, president; Social Democratic
- Party (SPS), Peter BODENMANN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party
- (CVP), Anton COTTIER, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Hans UHLMANN,
- president; Green Party (GPS), Verena DIENER, president; Freedom Party (FPS),
- Roland BORER, president; Liberal Party (LPS), Christoph EYMANN, president;
- Alliance of Independents' Party (LdU), Monica WEBER, president; Ticino
- League, Giuliano BIGNASCA, president; and other minor parties including the
- Automobile Party (AP), Swiss Democratic Party (SD), Workers' Party (PdA),
- and the Evangelical People's Party (EVP); note - see elections
- Member of:
- AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE,
- EFTA, ESA, FAO, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM,
- IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
- IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),
- OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIH,
- UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Carlo JAGMETTI
- chancery:
- 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 745-7900
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 387-2564
- consulate(s) general:
- Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago (American
- Samoa), and San Francisco
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador M. Larry LAWRENCE
- embassy:
- Jubilaeumstrasse 93, 3005 Bern
- mailing address:
- use embassy street address
- telephone:
- [41] (31) 357 70 11
- FAX:
- [41] (31) 357 73 44
- branch office:
- Geneva
- consulate(s) general:
- Zurich
- Flag:
- red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not
- extend to the edges of the flag
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Switzerland's economy - one of the most prosperous and stable in the world -
- is nonetheless undergoing a stressful adjustment after both the inflationary
- boom of the late 1980s and the electorate's rejection of membership in the
- European Economic Area (EEA) in 1992. So far the decision to remain outside
- the European single market structure does not appear to have harmed Swiss
- interests. In December 1994, the Swiss began bilateral negotiations with the
- EU aimed at establishing closer ties in areas of mutual interest and
- progressing toward the free circulation of persons, goods, capital, and
- services between the two parties. The Swiss emerged from a three-year
- recession in mid-1993 and posted 1.8% GDP growth in 1994. The Swiss central
- bank's tight monetary policies brought inflation down from about 4% in 1992
- to just under 1% in 1994. Unemployment has fallen slightly from 5.1% in 1993
- to 4.7% in 1994. Swiss per capita output, living standards, education, and
- health care remain unsurpassed in Europe. The country has few mineral
- resources, but its spectacular natural beauty sustains a substantial tourism
- industry.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $148.4 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 1.8% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $22,080 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 0.9% (1994 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- 4.7% (1994 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $26.7 billion
- expenditures:
- $32 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)
- Exports:
- $69.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
- commodities:
- machinery and equipment, precision instruments, metal products, foodstuffs,
- textiles and clothing
- partners:
- Western Europe 63.1% (EU countries 56%, other 7.1%), US 8.8%, Japan 3.4%
- Imports:
- $68.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
- commodities:
- agricultural products, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals,
- textiles, construction materials
- partners:
- Western Europe 79.2% (EU countries 72.3%, other 6.9%), US 6.4%
- External debt:
- $NA
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 0% (1993 est.)
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 15,430,000 kW
- production:
- 58 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 6,699 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient in food; must
- import fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs,
- fruits, vegetables, meat
- Illicit drugs:
- money-laundering center
- Economic aid:
- donor:
- ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $3.5 billion
- Currency:
- 1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi
- Exchange rates:
- Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.2880 (January 1995),
- 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 5,763 km (1,432 km double track)
- standard gauge:
- 3,533 km 1.435-m gauge (99% electrified; 560 km nongovernment owned)
- narrow gauge:
- 1,094 km 1.000-m gauge (99% electrified; 1,020 km nongovernment owned)
- other:
- 1,136 km NA-m gauge (1994)
- Highways:
- total:
- 71,118 km
- paved:
- 71,118 km (including 1,514 km of expressways)
- Inland waterways:
- 65 km; Rhine (Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Bodensee); 12 navigable
- lakes
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km
- Ports:
- Basel
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 374,935 GRT/669,353 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 12, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1,
- specialized tanker 1
- Airports:
- total:
- 69
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 4
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 3
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 14
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 5
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 42
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 1
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 5,890,000 telephones; excellent domestic, international, and broadcast
- services
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- extensive cable and microwave networks
- international:
- 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) earth stations
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 7, FM 265, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 18 (repeaters 1,322)
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Switzerland
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Air Force and Antiaircraft Command
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 1,847,639; males fit for military service 1,582,335; males
- reach military age (20) annually 41,831 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 1.4% of GDP (1995)
-